The fallopian tubes are
two structures that connect the uterus with the ovaries. It is where
the fertilization occurs (union of sperm and egg). These are two
organs with highly specialized functions including their own mobility,
in order to approach the ovary when it is close to ovulation. The
tubal lumen is covered by special ciliated cells that produce a
movement from the ovary to the uterus. These cells are responsible for
the fertilized ovum transport toward uterus.
Fallopian tube, site of fertilization
Fallopian tubes can be damaged by pelvic infections, specially
those caused by chlamydia and neisseria ghonorroeae (sexually
transmitted infections). Also they can be damaged by pelvic adhesions,
caused by previous surgeries, infections and
endometriosis.
Tubaric Factor
When fallopian tubes are damaged or obstructed we can use
laparoscopic surgery to repair them. This surgery should be performed
by an infertility specialist, because the most effective surgery is
the first one. If the first procedure fails it will be very difficult
with the second or third surgery to achieve good results.
If it is not possible to repair the fallopian tubes or if the
pregnancy does not occur within 24 months, even after having completed
a successful surgery, probably the only way to achieve pregnancy will
be
invitro fertilization. This procedure involves hyperstimulation of
the ovary to produce multiple eggs by some medication (gonadotropins),
then eggs are obtained by ultrasonographic guided oocyte retrieval.
Fertilization takes place in a laboratory and after 3 to 5 days of
incubation in special conditions, the fertilized eggs are transferred
to the uterus (embryo transfer). 35-40% of the patients achieve
pregnancy in each cycle with this technique.
